Pupuk Organik Cair untuk Produksi Sayuran dalam Sistem Pertanian Tertutup
Kata Kunci:
pupuk organik, pupuk organik cair, produksi sayuran, sistem pertanian tertutup##submission.synopsis##
Keberhasilan penerapan praktik-praktik pertanian berkelanjutan antara lain dapat diperoleh dengan lebih mengandalkan proses-proses alami dan mengurangi masukan dari luar kawasan produksi tanaman. Salah satu aspek dalam pertanian organik adalah penggunaan pupuk organik cair (POC) berbasis sumber daya lokal yang ada di sekitar lingkungan produksi tanaman. Buku ini menjelaskan berbagai landasan ilmiah dalam pembuatan POC dengan memanfaatkan bahanbahan yang ada di sekitar lingkungan pertanian. Buku ini disusun berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian Research Group Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Bengkulu yang fokus dalam Closed Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS). Penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang
setinggi-tingginya kepada pihak Universitas Bengkulu dan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi yang telah membiayai berbagai penelitian melalui skema kompetisi yang ditawarkan. Buku ini sangat cocok digunakan untuk mahasiswa
yang sudah memahami dasar-dasar produksi tanaman serta dasar-dasar pertumbuhan dan fisiologi tanaman. Buku ini juga dapat digunakan para peneliti untuk menjelaskan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan serta sebagai landasan pengembangan POC di berbagai ekosistem pertanian. Tim penulis sangat menyadari kalau masih banyak kekurangan dalam penulisan buku ini. Namun demikian, keberadaan buku ini paling tidak dapat memberikan kontribusi kepada semua pihak yang berkomitmen untuk menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya pertanian melalui praktik pertanian organik.
Referensi
Ahlawat, O.P. and B. Vijay. 2010. Potential of
thermophilic bacteria as microbial inoculant for
commercial scale white button mushroom
(Agaricus bisporus) compost production. Journal
of Scientific and Industrial Research. 69:948-955.
Al-Akhyar, Fahrurrozi, F., Widodo, W. dan Sari. 2019. Use
of Gliricidae-enriched Liquid Organic Fertilizer for
Production of Caisim (Brassica juncea L). Jurnal
Agroqua. 17(1): 1-7.
Al-kuwayti, M.A., F. El-Sherif, Y.K. Yap, and S. Khattab.
Foliar application of Moringa oleifera leaves
extract altered stress-responsive gene expression
and enhanced bioactive compounds composition
in Ocimum basilicum. South African Journal of
Botany. 129: 291-298.
Anggita, T., Z. Muktamar, and F. Fahrurrozi. 2018.
Improvement of Selected Soil Chemical Properties
and Potassium Uptake by Mung Beans after
Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Ultisol.
TERRA, Journal of Land Restoration. 1(1):1-7.
Anindyawati, T. 2010. Potensi selulase dalam
mendegradasi lignoselulosa limbah pertanian
untuk pupuk organik. Berita Selulosa. 45:70-77.
Ankamah-Yeboah I., Nielsen M. and Nielsen R. 2016.
Price premium of organic salmon in Danish retail
sale. Ecological Economics.122:54-60.
Awodun, M.A. 2007. Effect of goat manure and urea
fertilizer on soil, growth and yield of okra
(Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench). International
Journal of Agricultural Research. 2:632-636.
Bauer, G., E.-D. Schulze, and M. Mund. 1997. Nutrient
contents and concentrations in relation to growth
of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica along a European
transect. Tree Physiology. 17:777-786.
Bong, C.W., F. Malfatti, F. Azam, Y. Obayashi and S. Suzuki.
The effect of zinc exposure on bacteria
abundance proteolytic activity in seawater. In:
Interdiciplianry Studies on Environemntal
Chemistry–Biological Responses to Contaminants’,
N. Hamamura, S. Suzuki, S. Mendo, C.M. Barroso, H.
Iwata and S. Tanabe (eds), Terrapub, pp. 57-63.
Brady, N.C, and R.R. Weil. 2 0 0 4 . Elements of the
Nature and Properties of Soils (2nd ed.). Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Broadley, M., P. Brown, I. Cakmak, Z. Rengel, and F. Zhan.
Function of Nutrients: Micronutrients. In:
Marschner. H. Editor. Marschner’s mineral nutrition
of higher plants. 3rd ed. London. Academic Press..
Chapter 7. p.191-248.
Chan, S., B. Caldwell, B. Rickard, and C. Mohler. 2011.
Economic Performance of Organic Cropping
Systems for Vegetables in the Northeast. Journal of
Agribusiness 29(1): 59-82.
Chandna, P., L. Nain, S. Singh, and R.C. Kuhad. 2013.
Assessment of bacterial diversity during
composting of agricultural by products. BMC
Biotechnology. 13:99.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/13/99
Chen, L., W.A. Dick, J.G. Streeter, and H.A.J. Hoitink. 1996.
Ryegrass utilization of nutrients released from
composted biosolids & cow manure. Compost
Science & Utilization. 4 (1): 73-83.
Chen, Y., H. Magen, and J. Riov. 1994. Humic substances
originating from rapidly decomposing organic
matter: properties and effects on plant growth. In
Humic substances in the global environment and
implications on human health. Ed. N. Senesi and T.
M. Miano. Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands. p:427-444.
Damayanti, N., N. Marlina, E. Hawayanti. 2012. Pengaruh
Jenis Pupuk Organik Cair dan Takaran Pupuk
Organik Plus terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi
Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) pada Sistem
Budidaya Vertikultur. Klorofil. 7:77-80.
DEFRA. 2012. Organic Systems and Standards in Farming.
Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs,
U.K.
Duan, M., J. Yang, J. Gu, X. Qian, W. Sun, H. Gao, and X.
Wang. 2015. Effects of sulphamethazine and zinc
on the functional diversity of microbial
communities during composting. Environmental
Technology. 37(11):1357-1368.
Fahrurrozi dan N. Setyowati. 2021. Uji Efikasi dan
Konsistensi Pupuk Organik Cair berbasis
Sumberdaya Lokal untuk Produksi Sayuran dlm
Sistem Pertanian Tertutup. Penelitian Skema
Penelitian Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi.
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan
Teknologi.
Fahrurrozi, F. Y. Sariasih, Z. Muktamar, N.Setyowati, M.
Chozin, S. Sudjatmiko. 2017. Identification of
Nutrients Content in Six Potential Green
Biomasses for Developing Liquid Organic
Fertilizer in Closed Agricultural Production
System. International Journal on Advanced Science,
Engineering, Information Technology. 7(2):559-
Fahrurrozi, F., D.N. Sari, E.R. Togatorop, U. Salamah, Z.
Muktamar, N. Setyowati, M, Chozin, and S.
Sudjatmiko. 2019. Yield performances of potato
(Solanum tuberosum L.) as amended with liquid
organic fertilizer and vermicompost.
International Journal of Agricultural Technology.
(6):869-878.
Fahrurrozi, F., Muktamar, Z., Setyowati, N., Chozin, M. and
Sudjatmiko, S. 2020. Nutrient Properties of
Tithonia-enriched Liquid Organic Fertilizer as
Affected by Different Types of Animal Feces and Its
Effects on Fresh Weight of Loose-leaf Lettuce
(Lactuva sativa L.). International Journal on
Advanced Science, Engineering and Information
Technology. 10(2):730-735.
Fahrurrozi, F., Z. Muktamar, N. Setyowati, S. Sudjatmiko
& M. Chozin. 2019. Comparative effects of soil and
foliar applications of thitonia-enriched liquid
organic fertilizer on yields of sweet corn in closed
agriculture production system. AGRIVITA, Journal
of Agricultural Science. 41(2):227-234.
Fahrurrozi, F., Z. Muktamar, S. Sudjatmiko, N. Setyowati,
M. Chozin, D.N. Sari, E. R. Togatorop, U.Salamah.
Zinc Amendment Decreased Nutrient
Contents of Liquid Organic Fertilizer. Advances in
Biological Science Research. 13:234-238.
Proceedings of the International Seminar on
Promoting Local Resource for Sustainable
Agricultural and Development (ISPLRAD 2020)
https://www.atlantispress.com/proceedings/isplrsad-20/125957699
Fahrurrozi, F., Z. Muktamar, W. Widodo, and S.
Sudjatmiko. 2020. The effect of zinc addition in
the production process of liquid organic fertilizer
on the nutrient properties, P and Zn uptakes, and
yields of sweet corn. International Journal of
Agricultural Technology. 16(5):1089-1100.
Fahrurrozi, N. Setyowati, S. Sudjatmiko. 2014.
Produktivitas Pola Pergiliran Tanaman Berbasis
Jagung Manis dalam Sistem Pertanian Tertutup di
Dataran Tinggi. Laporan Penelitian Unggulan PNBP
Universitas Bengkulu.
Fahrurrozi, Y. Sariasih, dan B. Purnomo. 2017.
Identifikasi Sumber Hijauan dan Mikroorganisme
Efektif Penyusun Pupuk Organik Cair untuk
Produksi Jagung Manis dalam Sistem Pertanian
Tertutup. Laporan Penelitian Hibah Penelitian
Fundamental tahun kedua. LPPM Universitas
Bengkulu.
Fahrurrozi, Z. Muktamar, Dwatmadji, N. Setyowati, S.
Sudjatmiko, M. Chozin. 2016. Growth and
Yield Responses of Three Sweet-Corn (Zea mays L.
var. Saccharata) Varieties to Local-based Liquid
Organic Fertilizer. International Journal on
Advanced Science, Engineering, Information
Technology. 6(3):319-323.
Fahrurrozi, Z. Muktamar, N. Setyowati, S. Sudjatmiko, M.
Chozin. 2015. Evaluation of Tithonia-enriched
Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Organic Carrot
Production. International Journal of Agricultural
Technology. 11 (8):1705-1712
Fan, J., W. Ding, Z. Chen, and N. Ziadi. 2011. Thirty-year
amendment of horse manure and chemical
fertilizer on the availability of micronutrients at
the aggregate scale in black soil. Environmental
Science and Pollution Research. 19:2745-2754.
Fefiani, Y. dan W.A. Barus. 2014. Respon pertumbuhan
dan produksi tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus
L.) akibat pemerian pupuk kandang sapi dan
pupuk organik padat SUPERNASA. Agrium.
(1):21-30.
Foth, H. D. and B.G. Ellis. 1997. Soil Fertility. 2
nd Ed.
Lewis Publishers. Tokyo
Fuglie, L. J. 2000. New uses of Moringa studied in
Nicaragua. ECHO Development Notes. 68:1-25.
Fung, K.M., A.P.K. Tai, T. Yong, X. Liu, and H.M. Lam. 2019.
Co-benefits of intercropping as a sustainable
farming method for safeguarding both food
security and air quality. Environmental Research
Letters. vol. 14. No. 4.
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-
/aafc8b
Gentry, L.F., M.L. Ruffo, and F.E. Below. Identifying
factors controlling the continuous corn yield
penalty. Agronomy Journal. 2013. 105:295-303.
Golijan, J. and Dimitrijevic, B. 2018. Global organic food
market. Acta Agriculture Serbica. 23:125-140.
Gomies, L., Rehatta, H. dan Nandissa, J. 2012. Pengaruh
pupuk organik cair RI1 terhadap pertumbuhan
dan produksi tanaman kubis bunga (Brassica
oleracea var. Botrytis L.). Agrologia. (1):13-20.
Gonzales, T. and J. Robert-Baodouy. 1996. Bacterial
aminopeptidases: Properties and functions’, FEMS
Microbiology Reviews. 18:319-344.
Gopalakrishnan, L., K. Doriya, and D.S. Kumar. 2016.
Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive
importance and its medicinal application. Food
Science, Human Wellness. 5(2): 49-56,
Gunadi, S. 2002. Teknologi pemanfaatan lahan marginal
kawasan pesisir. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan.
(3):232-236.
Gusmailina. 2009. Isolasi dan Seleksi Mikroba Potensial
Sebagai Aktivator Pengomposan Untuk
Mendekomposisi Limbah Kulit Acacia mangium.
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan. 27(4):352-368.
Hadavi E., and N. Ghazijahani. 2018. Closed and Semiclosed Systems in Agriculture. In: Lichtfouse E.
(eds) Agriculture Reviews, vol 33. Springer p:
-310.
Hadisuwito, S., 2012. Membuat Pupuk Organik Cair.
PT. Agro Media Pustaka. Jakarta
Hagin, J., and B. Tucker 1982. Fertilization of Dryland and
Irrigated Soil. Springs-verlag, Berlin. Helderberg
Inc, Germany.
Hakim, N. dan Agustian. 2003. Gulma tithonia dan
pemanfataannya sebagai sumber bahana organik
dan unsur hara untuk tanaman hortikultura.
Laporan Hibah Tahun I. Hibah Bersaing. Proyek
Peningkatan Penelitian Perguruan Tinggi DP3M
Ditjen Dikti. Unand. Padang.
Halaye, T. 2019. Organic Fruits and Vegetables Market
– Increasing Demand, Growth Analysis and
Future Outlook 2023.
https://themarketresearchnews.com/2019/04/12/org
anic-fruits-and-vegetables-market-2019-increasingdemand-growth-analysis-and-future-outlook-2025/
Hamastuti, H., D.O. Elysa, dan N. Hendrianie, N. 2012.
Peran mikroorganisme Azotobacter chroococcum,
Pesudomonas fluorescens dan Aspergillus niger
pada pembuatan kompos limbah sludge indusrti
pengolahan susu. Jurnal Teknik Pomits. 1:1-5.
Hartadi, H., S. Reksohadiprojo, dan A.D. Tillman. 2005.
Tabel Konsumsi Pakan untuk Indonesia. Gajah
Mada University Press.Yogyakarta.
Hartatik, W. dan L.R. Widowati. 2006. Pupuk Kandang.
Hal 59-82. Dalam R.D.M. Simanungkalit, D.A.
Suriadikarta, R. Saraswati, D. Setyorini dan W.
Hartatik (eds). Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati.
Baalai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
Bogor.
Hartz, T.K., Mitchel, J.P., and Giannini, G. 2000. Nitrogen
and carbon mineralization dynamics of manures
and composts. HortScience. 35:209-212.
Hartz, T.K., R. Smith, and M. Gaskell. 2010. Nitrogen
Availability from Liquid Organic Fertilizers.
HortTechnology. 20(1):169-172.
Hassen, A., K. Beguith, N. Jedidi, M. Cherif, and A.
Boudabous. 2002. Microbial characterization
during composting of municipal solid waste.
Proceedings of International Symposium on
Environmental Pollution Control and Waste
Management. p.357-368.
Haytova, D. 2013. A Review of Roliar Fertilization of Some
Vegetable Crops. Annual Review and Research in
Biology. 3:455-465.
Hefnawy, M., M. Gharieb, and O.M. Nagdi. 2013. Microbial
diversity during composting cycles of rice straw.
International Journal of Advanced Biological and
Biomedical Research. 1:232-245.
Hidayat, Y.R. 2018. Analisis potensi usahatani bawang
merah di lahan pesisir laut pantai utara (Studi
kasus di Kabupaten Indramayu). Paradigma
Agribisnis. 1(1):37-50.
Hoa, B.T. and P.V. Hung. 2013. Optimization of nutritional
composition and fermentation conditions for
cellulase and pectinase production by Aspergillus
oryzae using response surface methodology.
International Food Research Journal. 20:3269-
Ichsannudin, M., G. Haryono dan Y.E. Susilowati. 2017.
Pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang sapi dan macam
mulsa terhadap hasil tanaman tomat (Solanum
lycopersicum, L.) Varitas Kaliurang. Vigor: Jurnal
Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika. 2(1):8-12.
Indriani. 2004. Membuat kompos secara kilat. Penebar
Swadaya. Jakarta
Indriyati, L.T. 2014. Chicken manure composts as
nitrogen sources and their effect of the growth and
quality of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L.). Journal of
International Society for Southeast Asian
Agricultural Sciences. 20:52-63.
Irshad, M., A.E. Eneji, Z. Hussain and M. Ashraf. 2013.
Chemical characterization of fresh and composted
livestock manures. Journal of Soil Science and Plant
Nutrition. 13:115-121.
Ishak, M.F. 2008. Isolation, characterization, and
identification of microbes in b iofertilizer. Tesis.
Universiti Malaysia Pahang.
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/606/1/final_draft_PSM.pdf
Ismail, I., R.L. Blevins, and W.W. Frye. 1994. Long-term notillage effects on soil properties and continuous
corn yields. Soil Science Society of America Journal.
: 193-198.
Jones, J.B. Jr. 1997. Plant Nutrition Manual. CRC Press. New
York
Junaidi, R., Anerasari, M.S. Harwanda dan N.A.
Sulisyawati. 2020. Rancang Bangun Alat
Fermentasi Pupuk Organik Cair : Pemanfaatan
Limbah Sayuran dan eceng gondok (Eichhornia
crassipes) Menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair dengan
Menggunakan Aktivator EM-4. Jurnal Kinetika.
(2):44-49.
Jusuf, L. 2008. Pengaruh lama pengomposan daun gamal
terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi. Jurnal
Agrisistem. 4(1): 44-52.
Kirchmann, H., T. Kätterer, and L. Bergström. 2009.
Nutrient supply in organic agriculture–plant
availability, sources and recycling. In Organic Crop
Production–Ambitions and Limitations (pp. 89-
. Springer, Dordrecht.
Koenig, R. and M. Johnson. 2011. Selecting and using
organic fertilizers. Utah State University
Cooperative Extension.
http://extension.usu.edu/htm/publications.
Kompas, 2020. Survei BPS: Orang RI Kurang Makan Sayur,
Kangkung Paling Digemari.
Kostova, D., D. Haytoya, D. Mechandjiev. 2014. Effect of
type and method of fertilization on marrows
(Cucurbita pepo L.) yield and fruit quality.
American Journal of Experimental Agriculture.
:376–383.
Kudrna, K. and M. Šindelářová. 2002. Energetically closed
agricultural systems. Journal of Central Europan
Agriculture. 3:321-331.
Kusuma, M.E. 2012. Pengaruh takaran pupuk kandang
kotoranburung puyuh terhadap pertumbuhan dan
hasil tanaman sawi putih (Brassica juncea L.).
Jurnal Ilmu Hewani Tropika. 1(1):7-11.
Lampkin, N. 1990. Organic farming. Farming Press,
Ipswich.
Landis, T. D., D. L. Haase, R. K. Dumroese. 2005. Plant
Nutrient Testing and Analysis in Forest and
Conservation Nurseries. USDA Forest Service
Proceedings RMRS-P-35. pp.75-83.
Lee, Y. 2016. Various microorganisms’ roles in
composting: A review. APEC Youth Scientist
Journal. 8:11-15.
Li, B.Y., D.D. Zhou, L. Cang, H.L. Zhang, X.H. Fan, and S.W.
Qin. 2007. Soil micronutrient availability to crops
as affected by long-term inorganic and organic
fertilizer applications. Soil and Tillage Research.
:166-173.
Lubis, N. dan R. Refnizuida. 2019. Pengaruh Pemberian
Pupuk Organik Daun Kelor Dan Pupuk Kotoran
Puyuh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi
Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna cylindrica L).
Talenta Conference Series: Science and Technology.
(1):108-117.
Ma’ruf, A. 2018. Karakteristik lahan pesisir dan
pengelolaaannya untuk pertanian.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32483058
_KARAKTERISTIK
Maerere, A.P., G.G. Kimbi and D.L.M. Nonga. 2001.
Comparative effectiveness of animal manures on
soil chemical properties, yield and root growth of
amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus L.). African
Journal of Science and Technology (AJST). 1:14-21.
Manullang, R.R. and Rusmini. 2015. Empty recemus of oil
palm as source organic fertilizer with bio-activator
on soybean plants. Global Journal of Agriculture
Research. 3:1-12.
Martin-Guay, M.O., A. Paquette, J. Dupras, and D. Rivest.
The new green revolution: sustainable
intensification of agriculture by intercropping.
Science of The Total Environment. Volume 615, 15
Feb. 2018, pages 767-772.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pi
i/S0048969717327110?via%3Dihub
Mayadewi, N.N.A. 2007. Pengaruh jenis pupuk kandang
dan jarak tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan gulma
dan hasil jagung manis. Agritrop. 26(4):153-157.
Muktamar Z, Sudjatmiko S, Fahrurrozi F, Setyowati N,
Chozin M. 2017b. Soil Chemical Improvement
under Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer in
Closed Agriculture System. International Journal
of Agricultural Technology. 13(7.2):1715-1727
Muktamar, Z. dan F. Fahrurrozi. 2018. Pengembangan
pupuk organik padat dan cair unggul untuk
meningkatkan kualitas tanah pada sistem
pertanian tertutup di dataran tinggi. Laporan
Penelitian (tidak dipublikasikan).
Muktamar, Z., T. Adiprasetyo, Yulia, Suprapto, L. Sari, F.
Fahrurrozi, and N. Setyowati. 2018. Residual effect
of vermicompost on sweet corn growth & selected
chemical properties of soils from different organic
farming practices. International Journal of
Agricultural Technology. 14(7):1471-1482.
Muktamar, Z, Fahrurrozi, Dwatmadji. 2015. Dinamika
Kualitas Tanah dalam Sisstem Pertanian Tertutup
Berbasis Jagung Manis di Dataran Tinggi. Laporan
Penelitian Fundamental DIKTI.
Muktamar, Z, Fahrurrozi., Dwatmadji, N. Setyowati, S.
Sudjatmiko, M. Chozin. 2016. Selected
macronutrient uptake by sweet corn under
different rates of liquid organic fertilizer in Closed
Agriculture System. International Journal Advanced
Science, Engineering, Information Technology.
:258-261.
Muktamar, Z, S. Sudjatmiko, M. Chozin, N. Setyowati, F.
Fahrurrozi. 2017a. Sweet corn performance and
its major nutrient uptake following application of
vermicompost supplemented with liquid organic
fertilizer. International Journal on Advanced
Science, Engineering, Information Technology. 7:
-608.
Muktamar, Z. and D. Santoso. 2014. Highlighting the
Important Role of Farmer’s Wife in Organic
Farming: Learn from the Development of Closed
Agriculture Production System in Air Duku
Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Proc. 5th RENPER
International Seminar, October 22-24, Banking
Univ.Ho ChiMinh City, Vietnam.
Muktamar, Z. dan F. Fahrurrozi. 2019. Pengembangan
pupuk organik padat dan cair unggul untuk
meningkatkan kualitas tanah pada sistem
pertanian tertutup di dataran tinggi. Laporan
Penelitian (tidak dipublikasikan).
Muktamar, Z. dan Fahrurrozi. 2021. Uji Efektivitas
Kombinasi Vermikompos dan Pupuk Organik Cair
yang Diperkaya Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas
Kimia Tanah pada Pertanaman Tumpang Sari di
Sistem Pertanian Tertutup. Penelitian Percepatan
Guru Besar. Universitas Bengkulu.
Muktamar, Z. dan Fahrurrozi. 2020. Uji stabilitas
suplementasi pupuk organik cair lokal terhadap
pemupukan vermikompos untuk meningkatkan
kualitas tanah pada sistem pertanian tertutup
berbasis jagung manis di dataran tinggi. Laporan
Penelitian (tidak dipublikasikan).
Muktamar, Z., S. Sudjatmiko, B. Toha, and M. Asteria.
Farmers are sacrificing their health for
production of vegetables. Proc. of International
Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Food
Security: Challenges and Opportunities. ISBN:
-979-8246-12-8. pages 141-149
Na, N.T.T., P.T. Huan and N.T.B. Tram. 2016. Screening of
fungal strains grown in solid state culture for
production of pectinase from coffee husk.
International Journal on Advanced Science,
Engineering, Information Technology. 6:273-276.
Nafziger, E.D. 2009. Cropping Systems. In Illinois
Agronomy Handbook (24
th. ed.). p. 49-63.
Nasira, W., R. Adawiyah, Muhidin, G.R Sadimantara and
D.N. Yusuf. 2021. Effect of liquid organic fertilizer
derived from moringa on growth of upland red
rice lines crosses from SE Sulawesi. IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
Science. 807 04203.
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-
/807/4/042037
Nasution, F.J. L. Mawarni, dan Meiriani. 2014. Aplikasi
Pupuk Organik Padat dan Cair dari Kulit Pisang
Kepok untuk Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Sawi
(Brassica juncea L). Online Agroekoteknologi.
:1029-1037.
Nava, O.J., C.A. Soto-Robles, C.M. Gomez-Gutierrez, A.R.
Vilchis-Nestor, A. Castro-Beltran, A. Olivas, and
P.A. Luque. 2017. Fruit peel extract mediated
green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Journal of Molecular Structure. 1147:1-6
Nurrahma, A.H.I. dan M. Melati. 2013. Pengaruh jenis
pupuk dan dekomposer terhadap pertumbuhan
dan produksi padi organik. Buletin Agrohorti.
(1):149-155.
Obi, H.A., C. Izundu and A. Iliyasu. 2013. Effect of chicken
manure on the performance of vegetable maize
(Zea mays saccharata) varieties under irrigation.
Discourse Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences.
:190-195.
Oviyanti, F., Syarifah, dan N. Hidayah. 2016. Pengaruh
pemberian pupuk cair daun gamal (Gliricidia
sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.) terhadap
pertumbuhan tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.).
Jurnal Biota. 2:61-67.
Pancapalaga, W. 2011. Pengaruh rasio penggunaan
limbah ternak dan hijauan terhadap kualitas
pupuk cair. Gamma.
Parman, S. 2007. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik
cair terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kentang
(Solanum tuberosum L.). Buletin Anatomi dan
Fisiologi. 15:21-31.
Pasaribu, M.S., Barus, W.A. dan Kurnianto, H. 2011.
Pengaruh konsentrasi dan interval waktu
pemberian pupuk organik cair (POC) NASA
terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis
(Zea mays Saccharata Sturt). Agrium. 17(1):46-52.
Pratamaningtyas, S. 2011. Isolasi, Karakterisasi dan Uji
Aktifitas Mikroba Pelarut Posfat dan Pengikat
Nitrogen dari mol (Mikroorganisme Lokal)
Bonggol dan Batang Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca).
Disertasi. Universitas Brawijaya.
Pretty, J. 1996. Sustainable Agriculture: Impacts on Food
Production and Challenges for Food Security. IIED
Gatekeeper Series No. SA60.
Purnomo, B., F. Fahrurrozi, Y. Sariasih, M. Muktamar, and
Z. Efendi. 2017. Determination of potential
bacteria from five different types of green biomass
enriched liquid organic fertilizer for developing
biodecomposer. International Journal of
Agricultural Technology. 13(7.1):1175-1182
Raden, I.S.S., Fathillah, Fadli, M. and Suyadi. (2017).
Nutrient content of liquid fertilizer (LOF) by
various bio-activator and soaking time. Nusantara
Bioscience. 9:209-213.
Rahayu, M.S. dan Nurhayati. 2005. Penggunaan EM-4
dalam Pengomposan Limbah Teh Padat. Jurnal
Penelitian Bidang Ilmu Pertanian. 3(2):27-31.
Rahma, A., M. Izzati dan S. Parman. 2014. Pengaruh
pupuk organik cair berbahan dasar limbah sawi
putih (Brassica chinensis L.) terhadap
pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis
(Zea mays L. var. Shaccarata.). Buletin Anatomi
dan Fisiologi. 17 (1):65-71
Rahman, A., A. Dariah, D. Santoso. 2006. PUPUK ORGANIK
DAN PUPUK HAYATI. Balai Penelitian Tanah.
Bogor. 41 hal.
https://balittanah.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/dokume
ntasi/lainnya/03pupuk%20hijau.pdf
Rashid, M.I, L.H. Mujawar, T. Shahzad, T. Almeelbi, I.M.I.
Ismail, and M. Oves. 2016. Bacteria and fungi can
contribute on nutrients bioavailability and
aggregate formation in degraded soils.
Microbiology Research. 183:26-41.
Resnake, M., B. Thom, and F. Sikora. 2000. Using animal
manures as nutrient sources. Cooperative
Extension Service. University of Kentucky. Agr-146.
Rinsema, W.T. 1983. Pupuk dan Cara Pemupukan. Bharata
Karya Aksara, Jakarta.
Rohmawan, D. R., Z. Muktamar and F. Fahrurrozi. 2020.
Water Hyacinth-based Liquid Organic Fertilizer
Increased Growth and Yields of Organically Grown
Cucumber. International Journal of Agriculture and
Environmental Research. 6(6):843–852.
Ruan, J., J. Gerendas, R. Hardter, and B. Sattelmacher.
Effect of nitrogen form and root-zone pH on
growth and nitrogen uptake of tea (Camellia
sinensis) plants. Annals of Botany. 99:301-310.
Santi, S.S. 2008. Kajian pemanfaatan limbah nilam untuk
pupuk cair organik dengan proses fermentasi.
Jurnal Teknik Kimia. 2(2):170-174.
Saraswati, R. E. Santosa dan E. Yuniarti. 2006.
Orgaanisme Perombak Bahan Organik. Dalam
Simanungkalit dkk. (editors). Pupuk Organik dan
Pupuk Hayati. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya
Lahan Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian
Sari, P.N., M. Auliya, U. Farihah and N.E.A. Nasution.
The effect of applying fertilizer of moringa
leaf (Moringea oliefera) extract and rice washing
water to the growth of pakcoy plant (Brassica
rapa L. spp Chinensis (L.). Journal of Physic
Conference Series. 1563 012021. http://digilib.iainjember.ac.id/1701/1/Sari_2020_J._Phys.__Conf._Ser._1
_012021%20%281%29.pdf
Sathiamoorthy, S., and K.J. Jeyabaskaran. 2001.
Potassium management of banana. IPI/NARCTT
Regional Workshop: Potassium and Water
Management in West Asia and North Africa,
Amman (JOR).
Sedayu, B.B., I. M.S. Erawan dan L. Assadad. 2014. Pupuk
Cair dari Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottoni,
Sargassum sp dan Gracilaria sp. Menggunakan
Proses Pengomposan. Jurnal Pascapanen dan
Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 9(1):61-68.
Sehnal, K., B. Hosnedlova, M. Docekalova, M. Stankova, D.
Uhlirova, Z. Tothova, M. Kepinska, H. Milnerowicz,
C. Fernandez, B. Ruttkay-Nedecky, H.V. Nguyen, A.
Ofomaja, J. Sochor, R. Kizek, 2019. An Assessment
of the Effect of Green Synthesized Silver
Nanoparticles Using Sage Leaves (Salvia officinalis
L.) on Germinated Plants of Maize (Zea mays L.).
Nanomaterials. 9:1550.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111550
Selpia, A., N. Setyowati dan Fahrurrozi. 2020.
Keefektifanpupuk organik cair paitan, babandotan
dan eceng gondok pada tanaman bawang merah
AGRIN. 24(2):97-110.
https://jurnalagrin.net/index.php/agrin/article/view/506
Seni, I.A.Y., I. W.D. Atmaja, da n N.W.S. Utari. 2013.
Analisis Kualitas Larutan MOL (mikroorganisme
lokal) Berbasis Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). Ejurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika. 2(2):135-144.
Setyowati, N. 2014. Weed sourced organic fertilizer for
vegetable production in closed agriculture system
in humid tropical highland of Bengkulu. Proc. 5th
RENPER International Seminar, October 22-24,
Banking Univ. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 2014.
Setyowati, N., S. Sudjatmiko, Z. Muktamar, F. Fahrurrozi,
M. Chozin, and P. Simatupang. 2018. Growth and
yield responses of cauliflower on tithonia
(Tithonia diversifolia) compost under organic
farming practices. International Journal of
Agricultural Technology. 14(7):1905-1914.
Sgroi F., Candela M., Di Trapani A.M., Fodera M., Squatrito
R., Testa R. and Tudisca S. 2015. Economic and
financial comparison between organic and
conventional farming in Sicilian lemon orchards.
Sustainability. 7:947-961.
Shisanya, C.A., M.W. Mucheru, D.N. Mugendi, and J.B.
Kung'u. 2009. Effect of organic and inorganic
nutrient sources on soil mineral nitrogen and
maize yields in central highlands of Kenya. Soil and
Tillage Research. 103: 239-246.
Sinaga, P., Meiriani, dan Y. Hasanah. 2014. Respons
pertumbuhan dan produksi kailan (brassica
oleraceae l.) Pada pemberian berbagai dosis pupuk
organik cair paitan (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl.)
Gray). Online Agroekoteknologi. 2:584-588.
Sinuraya, B.A. dan M. Melati. 2019. Pengujian berbagi
dosis pupuk kandang kambing untuk
pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis organik
(Zea mays var. Saccharata Sturt). Buletin
Agrohortikultura. 7(1):47-52.
Soltangheisi, A., C.F. Ishak, H.M. Musa, H. Zakikhani, and
Z.A. Rahman. 2013. Phosphorous and zinc
uptake and their interaction effect on dry
matter and chlorophyll content of sweet corn
(Zea mays var. Saccharata). Journal Agronomy.
:187-192.
Strom, P.F. 1985. Identification of thermophilic bacteria
in solid-waste composting. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology. 50:906-913.
Sudjatmiko, S., M. Chozin, dan Z. Muktamar. 2013.
Pembentukan Galur Inbrida Jagung Manis untuk
Perakitan Varietas yang Adaptif pada Lingkungan
Pertanian Organik di Dataran Tinggi. Laporan
Penelitian BOPT UNIB. Universitas Bengkulu.
Sudjatmiko, S., Z. Muktamar, N. Setyowati, Fahrurrozi.
Closed farming system: can the farmers
maintain soil fertility? Proc. 5th RENPER
International Seminar, October. 22-24, Banking
Univ. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Sudjatmiko, S., Z. Muktamar. M. Chozin, N. Setyowati,
Fahrurrozi. 2017. Changes in Chemical Properties
of Soil in an Organic Agriculture System.
Presented International Seminar on Organic
Agriculture in the Tropics: State-of-the-Art,
Challenges and Opportunities. Yogyakarta, August
-24 2017.
Sugino, T. 2008. Sustainable and Diversified Vegetablebased Farming Systems in Highland Regions of
West Java. CAPSA Working Paper No. 100. United
Nations. ESCAP. New York.
Suhastyo, A.A., dan F.T. Raditya. 2019. Respon
pertumbuhan dan hasil sawi pagoda terhadap
pemberian MOL daun kelor. Agrotechnology
Research Journal. 3(1):56-60.
Suprihatin. 2011. Proses pembuatan pupuk cair dari
batang pohon pisang. Jurnal Teknik Kimia 5.
(2):429-433.
Sutanto, R. 2002. Penerapan Pertanian Organik –
Pemasyarakatan dan Pengembangannya. Penerbit
Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Sutradhar, A.K, D.E. Kaiser, C.J. Rosen, and J.A. Lamb.
Zinc for Crop Production. University of
Minnesota Extenssion. 6 pages.
Taguiling, M.A.L.G. 2013. Quality improvement of organic
compost using green biomass. European Scientific
Journal. 9(36):319-341.
Thompson, G. 2000. International consumer demand for
organic foods. HorTechnology. 10(4):663-674.
Uwah D.F. and V.E. Eyo. 2014. Effects of number and rate
of goat manure application on soil properties,
growth and yield of sweet maize (Zea mays L.
saccharata Strut). Sustainable Agriculture Research.
:75-83.
Veeranagappa, P, H.C. Prakasha, M.K. Basavaraja, and H.
Mohamed-Saqeebulla. 2010. Effect of zinc
eenriched compost on yield and nutrient uptake
of rice (Oryzae sativa L). EJBS. 3(1)23-29.
Voss, R. 1998. Micronutrients. Department of Agronomy,
Iowa State University, Amess. 69 pages.
Watson, C.A., H. Bengtsson, M. Ebbesvik, A-K. Loes, A.
Myrbeck, E. Salomon, J. Schoreder, and E.A.
Stockdale. 2002. A review of farm-scale nutrient
budgets for organic farms in temperate regions.
Soil Use and Management. 18 (Supp.):264-273.
Weller, D.M. 2007. Pseudomonas biocontrol agents of
soil-borne pathogens: Looking Back Over 30
Years. Phytopathology. 97:20-256.
Wijayanti, M., M.S. Hadi, dan E. Pramono. 2013. Pengaruh
pemberian tiga jenis pupukkandang dan dosis
Urea pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai
(Capsicum annuum L.). Jurnal Agroteknologi
Tropika. 1(2):172-178.
Winarno, F.G., A.K. Seto, dan Surono. 2002. Pertanian dan
Pangan Organik, Sistem dan Sertifikasi. M-Bio
Press. Bogor.
Zaccheo, P, L. Crippa, and P.L, Genevini. 1996. Effect of
zinc on nitrogen transformation during
composting process and in soil. In: Van Cleemput
O., Hofman G., Vermoesen A. (eds) Progress in
Nitrogen Cycling Studies. Developments in Plant
and Soil Sciences, Springer, Dordrecht. 68:165-169.
Zhai, L., E. David, T. Forge, T. Helmer, W. Lin, M. Dorais, and
A.P. Papadopoulus. 2009. Organic fertilizer for
greenhouse tomatoe: Productivity and substrate
microbiology. HortScience. 44: 800-809